A Republic of Mali (République du Mali) occurs as landlocked nation in West Africa. These are a 2nd big united states among West African nations. It borders Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Ivory Coast on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its straight approach a n stretch into the centre of the Sahara desert, while a united states's south, in which a majority of indweller survive, features a Niger and Senegal rivers. Formerly French Sudan, a united states is known as when the Empire of Mali. ]

|- | align=center style="vertical-align: top;" colspan=Ii | National motto: Un peuple, un but, une foi
(French: a single humans, a single goal, one faith) |- | align=center colspan=Deuce style="background: #ffffff;" | image:LocationMali.png |- | Official language | French (official), Bambara, others |- | Capital | Bamako |- | President | Amadou Toumani Touré |- | Prime Minister | Ousmane Issoufi Maïga |- | Area
 - Total
 - % water | Ranked 23rd
1,240,000 km²
1.6% |- | Population
 - Total (2002)
 - Density | Ranked 68th
11,340,480
10.9/km² |- | Independence
 - Date | From either France
September 22, 1960 |- | Currency | CFA Franc |- | Time zone | UTC 0 |- | National anthem | ''Pour l'Afrique et pour toi, Mali (For Africa and for You, Mali) |- | Internet TLD | .ml |- | Calling Code | 223 |} History
Independent article: History of Mali''

A Mandé peoples settled the Sahel (including present-day Mali), and formed a succession of Sahelian kingdoms, including the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire, and the Songhai Empire. Timbuktu was a key city inside these empires as an outpost for trans-Saharan trade and a center for scholarship. the Songhai Empire declined under a Moroccan invasion in 1591.

Mali was invaded by France starting in 1880. A colony, which at days involved neighboring countries, was referred to as French Sudan or the Sudanese Republic. Inside early 1959, a union of Mali & Senegal became the Mali Federation, which gained independence from France in June 20, 1960. Senegal withdrew from either a Mali Federation when two or three months. A Republic of Mali, under Modibo Keïta, withdrew from a French Community on September 22, 1960.

Mali was ruled by the series of dictators from either independence until 1991. Anti-government protests within 1991 led to the coup, the transitional government, & a freshly constitution. Within 1992, Alpha Oumar Konaré won Mali's first democratic, multi-party presidential election. Upon his reelection inside 1997, President Konaré pushed through political & economic reforms & fought corruption. Within 2002 he was succeeded in popular elections by Amadou Toumani Touré, who had been a key figure in the 1991 democratic uprising.

Politics
Mali's constitution will bring for even the multi-person democracy, by owning the lone restriction existence a prohibition against parties according to ethnic, religious, regional, or gender lines. A National Assembly is the resole legislative arm of the government. It presently consists of 147 members. Representation is apportioned based on data from a people of administrative districts. The food and drug administration has the Pentad season term.

Regions
Independent article: Regions of Mali

Mali is divided into nine regions, including the capital district of Bamako: Bamako Capital District Gao Kayes Kidal Koulikoro Mopti Ségou Sikasso Tombouctou

Geography
Independent article: Geography of Mali

Mali is landlocked and has a subtropical to arid climate. These are mostly flat, rising to rolling northern plains covered by sand, with savanna around the Niger River in the south. Capitol hill of the Air Massif and Djado Plateau lie in the northeast. Virtually all of the united states lies in the Sahara Desert, which produces a hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common when you took dry seasons & leads to recurring droughts. A united states has considerable natural resources, by using gold, uranium, phosphates, kaolin, salt and limestone being most widely exploited.

Watch List of cities in Mali

Economy
Independent article: Economy of Mali

Mali is among a poorest countries in the globe, sustaining 65% of its land front yard desert or even semidesert. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine vicinity irrigated per Niger River. All about 10% of the people is roving & a bit of 80% of the labor pool is engaged inside farming & camping. Industrial activity is revolve around processing domestic trade good. Mali is heavy contingent on foreign help & vulnerable to fluctuations inside globe price levels for gauze, its independent exportation. Within 1997, the government continued its successful implementation of an IMF-recommended structural adjustment program that is helping the economy develop, diversify, & attract foreign investment. Mali's adherence to economic reform, & a 50% devaluation of the African franc around January 1994, has pushed up economic incubation. Many transnational corporations increased gold mining operations within 1996-1998, and the food and drug administration anticipates that Mali might get the major Sub-Saharan gold exporter in the next couple of years.

Demographics
Independent article: Demographics of Mali

Culture
Independent article: Culture of Mali

Architecture of Mali- Great Mosque of Djenné List of writers from Mali Languages of Mali Music of Mali

Miscellaneous topics

Communications in Mali Foreign relations of Mali Military of Mali Reporters without borders Worldwide Press Freedom Stock 200Two: Rank 43 away from 139 countries (2 way tie) Transportation in Mali